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we are not on terms

  • 1 we are not on terms

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > we are not on terms

  • 2 the terms are not agreeable to us

    the terms are not agreeable to us
    de voorwaarden staan ons niet aan/zijn voor ons niet aanvaardbaar

    English-Dutch dictionary > the terms are not agreeable to us

  • 3 they are not on speaking terms

    they are not on speaking terms
    ze spreken niet meer met elkaar, ze hebben onenigheid

    English-Dutch dictionary > they are not on speaking terms

  • 4 blocked test case: A test case that cannot be executed because the preconditions for its execution are not fulfilled

    Общая лексика: заблокированный тестовый сценарий: тестовый сценарий (см. Standard glossary of terms used in Software Testing)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > blocked test case: A test case that cannot be executed because the preconditions for its execution are not fulfilled

  • 5 they are not on visiting terms

    1) Общая лексика: они никогда не встречаются (в доме и т. п.)
    2) Макаров: они недостаточно хорошо знакомы, они недостаточно хорошо знакомы, они никогда не встречаются (в доме и т.п.), они никогда не встречаются (в доме и т.п.)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > they are not on visiting terms

  • 6 on speaking terms with smb.

    1) не в ссоре с кем-л.

    They are not on speaking terms. — Они не разговаривают (друг с другом).

    2) (достаточно) хорошо знакомый с кем-л. ( чтобы заговорить при встрече)

    Англо-русский современный словарь > on speaking terms with smb.

  • 7 in reasonable terms

    приемлемая причина (условие)
    in reasonable terms — приемлемыми причинами

    Payment shall be made at the time stipulated and buyers shall always take up documents which conform with the conditions of the contract. Obvious clerical errors shall not entitle buyers to reject documents, provided such errors are corrected in due time, explained or justified in reasonable terms. — Очевидные канцелярские ошибки не дают покупателям права на отказ от документов, при условии, что такие ошибки будут своевременно исправлены, объяснены или оправданы приемлемыми причинами.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > in reasonable terms

  • 8 term

    1. [tɜ:m] n
    1. 1) период, срок; время; продолжительность

    the Labour Party tried to achieve this during its various terms of office - лейбористская партия пыталась добиться этого в периоды своего пребывания у власти

    for (the) term of (one's) life - на всю жизнь, пожизненно

    2) срок тюремного заключения
    3) срок квартальных платежей
    2. 1) семестр, четверть

    Lady day /spring/ term - весенний семестр ( с 25 марта по 24 июня)

    midsummer /summer/ term - летний семестр ( с 24 июня по 29 сентября)

    Michaelmas /autumn/ term - осенний семестр ( с 29 сентября по 25 декабря)

    Christmas /winter/ term - зимний семестр ( с 25 декабря по 25 марта)

    in term (time), during term - в течение /в ходе/ семестра

    to keep terms - заниматься, посещать занятия [ср. тж. 4]

    2) триместр

    autumn [winter, spring] term - осенний [зимний, весенний] триместр

    3) сессия (судебная и т. п.)
    3. обыкн. pl
    1) условия

    terms of payment [of an agreement, of a treaty] - условия оплаты [соглашения, договора]

    by the terms of article 50 - по условиям /в силу/ статьи 50

    on /upon/ terms - а) на каких-л. условиях; on beneficial terms - на выгодных условиях; б) обсуждаемый; [ср. тж. 4]

    to dictate terms (to smb.) - диктовать (кому-л.) условия

    to have smth. on hire purchase terms - приобрести что-л. в кредит

    to come to terms with smb., to make terms with smb. - а) прийти к соглашению /договориться/ с кем-л.; б) принять чьи-л. условия; пойти на уступки; примириться с кем-л.; to come to terms with the inevitable - примириться с неизбежным; a man with whom we have yet to come to terms - человек, к которому нам нужно привыкнуть

    to bring smb. to terms - заставить кого-л. принять условия

    2) условия оплаты

    what are your terms? - каковы ваши условия?, сколько вы берёте?

    make /name/ your own terms - назовите вашу цену

    4. обыкн. pl отношения

    on terms - а) в дружеских отношениях; we are not on terms - мы не ладим (между собой); б) разг. на равных основаниях, на равной ноге; [ср. тж. 3, 1)]

    on /upon/ good [bad, friendly] terms - в хороших [в плохих, в дружеских] отношениях

    to be on visiting terms with smb. - быть в приятельских отношениях с кем-л.; бывать у кого-л., поддерживать знакомство с кем-л.

    to keep terms with smb. - иметь /вести/ дела с кем-л.; поддерживать отношения с кем-л. [ср. тж. 2, 1)]

    5. 1) термин

    technical [scientific] term - специальный [научный] термин

    term for smth. - термин для обозначения чего-л.

    contradiction in terms - противоречие в терминах; противоречивое утверждение

    2) выражение; слово

    a term of reproach - форма выражения упрёка; слово со значением упрёка

    6. pl выражения, язык, способ выражаться

    in set terms - определённо, ясно

    to express smth. in poetic [mathematical] terms - выразить что-л. поэтически /на языке поэзии/ [математически /на языке математики/]

    in broad terms the history of Shakespeare studies is familiar - в общем и целом /в общих чертах/ история изучения Шекспира известна

    I told him in no uncertain terms - я сказал ему совершенно определённо /недвусмысленно/

    how dare you address me in such terms? - как ты смеешь так со мной разговаривать?

    7. уст. граница, предел

    to set /to put/ a term to smth. - положить конец /поставить предел/ чему-л.

    8. уст.
    1) цель, конечная точка
    2) исходная, отправная точка; начало
    9. уст. назначенное время; срок
    10. юр.
    1) аренда на срок; срок выполнения обязательств
    2) назначенный день уплаты аренды (тж. term day)
    11. мед.
    1) нормальный период беременности; своевременное разрешение от бремени

    term infant - ребёнок, родившийся в срок

    to have reached (full) term - ≅ подошло время родов

    2) pl уст. менструация
    12. мат., лог. член, элемент; терм

    major [minor] term - предикат [субъект] суждения

    to bring /to reduce/ to its lowest terms - (предельно) упростить

    13. физ. энергетический уровень; терм
    14. архит. колонна со скульптурой, пьедестал с бюстом; терм

    ♢ terms of reference - а) круг ведения, мандат; компетенция; б) способ мыслить; философия; (теоретическая) модель; their terms of reference differ from ours - их мир /их шкала ценностей/ отличается от нашего /от нашей/

    in terms of - а) языком; in terms of approval - одобрительно; in terms of high praise - весьма похвально; б) в терминах; на языке, в переводе на язык; in terms of this theory - на языке /в терминах/ данной теории; to express one parameter in terms of another - выразить один параметр через другой; в) в смысле; с точки зрения; в отношении; в аспекте; в том, что касается; in terms of money - с корыстной точки зрения

    2. [tɜ:m] v
    выражать, называть

    I term it sheer nonsense - по-моему, это чистый вздор

    НБАРС > term

  • 9 term

    1. n
    1) строк, період; час; тривалість

    for (the) term of one's life — довічно, на все життя

    2) семестр; чверть
    3) сесія
    4) pl умови

    terms of reference — коло повноважень, мандат; компетенція

    to come to terms (to make terms) with smb. — а) домовитися з кимсь; б) прийняти чиїсь умови

    to bring smb. to terms — примусити когось прийняти умови

    5) pl стосунки

    we are not on terms — ми не ладимо один з одним; б) на однакових підставах (умовах)

    to be on (upon) good (bad) terms — бути в добрих (поганих) стосунках

    6) термін

    contradiction in terms — суперечність у термінах; суперечливе твердження

    7) вислів, слово
    8) pl висловлювання; мова; спосіб висловлюватися

    in set terms — зрозуміло, ясно

    in vague terms — туманно, невиразно

    9) межа
    10) мета; кінцева точка
    11) початок, відправна (вихідна) точка
    12) призначений час; строк
    13) юр. оренда на певний строк; строк виконання зобов'язань; призначений день сплати оренди
    14) мед. нормальний період вагітності
    15) pl менструація
    16) мат. член, елемент
    17) фіз. енергетичний рівень
    18) архт. колона зі скульптурою

    term active duty — військ. строкова дійсна служба

    term infant — дитина, що народилася в строк

    to keep terms — відвідувати заняття, навчатися

    2. v
    висловлювати, виражати; називати

    I term it sheer nonsense — на мою думку, це чистісінька нісенітниця

    * * *
    I n
    1) період, термін; час; тривалість

    for (the) term or (one's) life — на все життя, довічно; строк тюремного ув'язнення

    2) семестр, чверть

    Lady day /spring/ term — весняний семестр ( з 25 березня по 24 червня)

    midsummer /summer/ term — літній семестр ( с 24 червня по 29 вересня)

    Michaelmas /autumn/ term — осінній семестр ( з 29 вересня по 25 грудня)

    Christmas /winter/ term — зимовий семестр із 25 грудня по 25 березня

    in term time, during term — протягом семестру

    to keep terms — займатися, відвідувати заняття; триместр; сесія ( судов)

    3) pl умови

    terms of payment [of an agreement, of a treaty] — умови оплати [угоди, договору]

    on /upon/ terms — в умовах обговорюваний

    to come to terms with smb, to make terms with smb — дійти згоди /домовитися/ з кимось; прийняти чиїсь умови; піти на поступки; примиритися з кимось; умови оплати

    4) звинч. pl відносини

    technical [scientific] term — спеціальний [науковий]термін

    term for smth — термін для позначення чогось; висловлювання; слово

    6) pl висловлювання, мова, спосіб висловлюватися

    in set terms — виразно, ясно

    7) icт. межа

    to set /to put/ a term to smth — покласти кінець чомусь

    8) icт. мета, кінцева точка; вихідна, відправна точка; початок
    9) icт. призначений час; термін
    10) юp. оренда на термін; строк виконання зобов'язань

    term of years absolute — термінове безумовне право володіння; призначений день сплати оренди ( term day)

    11) мeд. нормальний період вагітності; своєчасний звільнення від тягаря

    term infant — дитина, що народилася в строк; pl; icт. менструація

    12) мaт., член, елемент; терм

    major [minor] term — предикат судження

    to bring /to reduce/ to its lowest terms — ( гранично) спростити

    13) фiз. енергетичний рівень; терм
    14) apxiт. колона зі скульптурою; терм

    terms of reference — коло ведення, мандат; компетенція; спосіб мислити; філософія; ( теоретичн модель)

    in terms of approval — схвально у термінах; мовою, у перекладі на мову

    in terms of this theory — мовою /у термінах/ даної теорії з погляду; по відношенню до; в аспекті; у тім, що стосується

    II v
    виражати, називати

    English-Ukrainian dictionary > term

  • 10 visiting

    ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ прил. посещающий;
    навещающий на дому visiting fireman ≈ важный посетитель (для которого устраивают специальный прием) посещение - * hours приемные часы( в больницах) - * day приемный день - * round обход( пациентов) - * list список лиц, которых необходимо посетить - he is not on my * list он мне не друг, знакомство у нас шапочное - to be on * terms with smb. поддерживать дружеские отношения /знакомство/ с кем-л., периодически видеться с кем-л. - they are not on * terms они недостаточно хорошо знакомы, они никогда не встречаются (в доме и т. п.) посещающий;
    приезжий;
    гостящий - * team команда гостей (спортивная) - * lecturer приглашенный лектор - * master приходящий учитель - * teacher (американизм) учитель (начальной школы), обучающий на дому больных детей или детей-инвалидов - * nurse приходящая медсестра visiting pres. p. от visit ~ посещающий;
    навещающий на дому;
    visiting nurse сестра помощи на дому;
    visiting fireman важный посетитель (для которого устраивают специальный прием) ~ посещающий;
    навещающий на дому;
    visiting nurse сестра помощи на дому;
    visiting fireman важный посетитель (для которого устраивают специальный прием) ~ посещающий;
    навещающий на дому;
    visiting nurse сестра помощи на дому;
    visiting fireman важный посетитель (для которого устраивают специальный прием)

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > visiting

  • 11 Colours

    Not all English colour terms have a single exact equivalent in French: for instance, in some circumstances brown is marron, in others brun. If in doubt, look the word up in the dictionary.
    Colour terms
    what colour is it?
    = c’est de quelle couleur? or (more formally) de quelle couleur est-il?
    it’s green
    = il est vert or elle est verte
    to paint sth green
    = peindre qch en vert
    to dye sth green
    = teindre qch en vert
    to wear green
    = porter du vert
    dressed in green
    = habillé de vert
    Colour nouns are all masculine in French:
    I like green
    = j’aime le vert
    I prefer blue
    = je préfère le bleu
    red suits her
    = le rouge lui va bien
    it’s a pretty yellow!
    = c’est un joli jaune!
    have you got it in white?
    = est-ce que vous l’avez en blanc?
    a pretty shade of blue
    = un joli ton de bleu
    it was a dreadful green
    = c’était un vert affreux
    a range of greens
    = une gamme de verts
    Most adjectives of colour agree with the noun they modify:
    a blue coat
    = un manteau bleu
    a blue dress
    = une robe bleue
    blue clothes
    = des vêtements bleus
    Some that don’t agree are explained below.
    Words that are not true adjectives
    Some words that translate English adjectives are really nouns in French, and so don’t show agreement:
    a brown shoe
    = une chaussure marron
    orange tablecloths
    = des nappes fpl orange
    hazel eyes
    = des yeux mpl noisette
    Other French words like this include: cerise ( cherry-red), chocolat ( chocolate-brown) and émeraude ( emerald-green).
    Shades of colour
    Expressions like pale blue, dark green or light yellow are also invariable in French and show no agreement:
    a pale blue shirt
    = une chemise bleu pâle
    dark green blankets
    = des couvertures fpl vert foncé
    a light yellow tie
    = une cravate jaune clair
    bright yellow socks
    = des chaussettes fpl jaune vif
    French can also use the colour nouns here: instead of une chemise bleu pâle you could say une chemise d’un bleu pâle ; and similarly des couvertures d’un vert foncé (etc). The nouns in French are normally used to translate English adjectives of this type ending in -er and -est:
    a darker blue
    = un bleu plus foncé
    the dress was a darker blue
    = la robe était d’un bleu plus foncé
    Similarly:
    a lighter blue
    = un bleu plus clair (etc.)
    In the following examples, blue stands for most basic colour terms:
    pale blue
    = bleu pâle
    light blue
    = bleu clair
    bright blue
    = bleu vif
    dark blue
    = bleu foncé
    deep blue
    = bleu profond
    strong blue
    = bleu soutenu
    Other types of compound in French are also invariable, and do not agree with their nouns:
    a navy-blue jacket
    = une veste bleu marine
    These compounds include: bleu ciel ( sky-blue), vert pomme ( apple-green), bleu nuit ( midnight-blue), rouge sang ( blood-red) etc. However, all English compounds do not translate directly into French. If in doubt, check in the dictionary.
    French compounds consisting of two colour terms linked with a hyphen are also invariable:
    a blue-black material
    = une étoffe bleu-noir
    a greenish-blue cup
    = une tasse bleu-vert
    a greeny-yellow dress
    = une robe vert-jaune
    English uses the ending -ish, or sometimes -y, to show that something is approximately a certain colour, e.g. a reddish hat or a greenish paint. The French equivalent is -âtre:
    blue-ish
    = bleuâtre
    greenish or greeny
    = verdâtre
    greyish
    = grisâtre
    reddish
    = rougeâtre
    yellowish or yellowy
    = jaunâtre
    etc.
    Other similar French words are rosâtre, noirâtre and blanchâtre. Note however that these words are often rather negative in French. It is better not to use them if you want to be complimentary about something. Use instead tirant sur le rouge/jaune etc.
    To describe a special colour, English can add -coloured to a noun such as raspberry (framboise) or flesh (chair). Note how this is said in French, where the two-word compound with couleur is invariable, and, unlike English, never has a hyphen:
    a chocolate-coloured skirt
    = une jupe couleur chocolat
    raspberry-coloured fabric
    = du tissu couleur framboise
    flesh-coloured tights
    = un collant couleur chair
    Colour verbs
    English makes some colour verbs by adding -en (e.g. blacken). Similarly French has some verbs in -ir made from colour terms:
    to blacken
    = noircir
    to redden
    = rougir
    to whiten
    = blanchir
    The other French colour terms that behave like this are: bleu (bleuir), jaune (jaunir), rose (rosir) and vert (verdir). It is always safe, however, to use devenir, thus:
    to turn purple
    = devenir violet
    Describing people
    Note the use of the definite article in the following:
    to have black hair
    = avoir les cheveux noirs
    to have blue eyes
    = avoir les yeux bleus
    Note the use of à in the following:
    a girl with blue eyes
    = une jeune fille aux yeux bleus
    the man with black hair
    = l’homme aux cheveux noirs
    Not all colours have direct equivalents in French. The following words are used for describing the colour of someone’s hair (note that les cheveux is plural in French):
    fair
    = blond
    dark
    = brun
    blonde or blond
    = blond
    brown
    = châtain inv
    red
    = roux
    black
    = noir
    grey
    = gris
    white
    = blanc
    Check other terms such as yellow, ginger, auburn, mousey etc. in the dictionary.
    Note these nouns in French:
    a fair-haired man
    = un blond
    a fair-haired woman
    = une blonde
    a dark-haired man
    = un brun
    a dark-haired woman
    = une brune
    The following words are useful for describing the colour of someone’s eyes:
    blue
    = bleu
    light blue
    = bleu clair inv
    light brown
    = marron clair inv
    brown
    = marron inv
    hazel
    = noisette inv
    green
    = vert
    grey
    = gris
    greyish-green
    = gris-vert inv
    dark
    = noir

    Big English-French dictionary > Colours

  • 12 term

    {tə:m}
    I. 1. срок, период
    during his TERM of office докато беше на служба/заемаше този пост
    presidential TERM президентски мандат
    2. платежен срок, ден на плащане (обик. на 3 месеца)
    to owe a TERM's rent дължа наем за 3 месеца
    3. семестър, учебен срок
    during TERM през учебно време
    4. съдебна сесия
    5. мат. член
    6. лог. член (на силогизъм)
    7. термин
    рl изрази, фразеология, език
    in TERMs of approval одобрително
    in flatterin/glowing TERMs ласкаво, хвалебствено
    in TERMs of с езика на, от гледна точка на, превърнат в, изчислен с
    in TERM s of science на езика на/от гледна точка на науката
    his work is not profitable in TERMs of money работата му не e изгодна от парична гледна точка
    in TERMs of metrical measures превърнато в метрична система
    in set TERMs ясно, определено, решително, недвусмислено
    8. ост. край, граница
    9. край на периода на нормалната бременност
    she has reached her TERM време e да ражда (за бременна жена)
    10. мед. менструация, период
    11. рl условия на договор и пр., условия за плащане, цена, хонорар
    what are your TERMs for lessons? колко вземате за уроци? on easy TERMs на износна цена, при изгодни условия
    not on any TERM на никаква цена, за нищо на света
    on these TERM s при тези условия
    to come to TERM s отстъпвам, приемам условията, примирявам се (with с)
    the enemy came to TERMs неприятелят капитулира
    to bring someone to TERMs принуждавам някого да се съгласи на/да приеме условията ми
    on TERMs of friendship/equality, etc. на приятелски/равни и пр. начала
    12. лични отношения
    to be on good/friendly TERMs with в добри/приятелски отношения съм с
    we are not on speaking TERMs не се познаваме, само се знаем, не си говорим, скарани сме
    13. ист. рим. граничен стълб, често с бюста на бога Термин
    TERM of reference компетенция, ресор, инструкции
    II. v наричам, назовавам, определям като
    * * *
    {tъ:m} n 1. срок, период; during his term of office докато беше на (2) {tъ:m} v наричам, назовавам, определям като.
    * * *
    член; срочен; срок; термин; условие; триместър; период; понятие; именувам; наричам; назовавам;
    * * *
    1. 1 ист. рим. граничен стълб, често с бюста на бога Термин 2. 1 лични отношения 3. 1 рl условия на договор и пр., условия за плащане, цена, хонорар 4. during his term of office докато беше на служба/заемаше този пост 5. during term през учебно време 6. his work is not profitable in terms of money работата му не e изгодна от парична гледна точка 7. i. срок, период 8. ii. v наричам, назовавам, определям като 9. in flatterin/glowing terms ласкаво, хвалебствено 10. in set terms ясно, определено, решително, недвусмислено 11. in term s of science на езика на/от гледна точка на науката 12. in terms of approval одобрително 13. in terms of metrical measures превърнато в метрична система 14. in terms of с езика на, от гледна точка на, превърнат в, изчислен с 15. not on any term на никаква цена, за нищо на света 16. on terms of friendship/equality, etc. на приятелски/равни и пр. начала 17. on these term s при тези условия 18. presidential term президентски мандат 19. she has reached her term време e да ражда (за бременна жена) 20. term of reference компетенция, ресор, инструкции 21. the enemy came to terms неприятелят капитулира 22. to be on good/friendly terms with в добри/приятелски отношения съм с 23. to bring someone to terms принуждавам някого да се съгласи на/да приеме условията ми 24. to come to term s отстъпвам, приемам условията, примирявам се (with с) 25. to owe a term's rent дължа наем за 3 месеца 26. we are not on speaking terms не се познаваме, само се знаем, не си говорим, скарани сме 27. what are your terms for lessons? колко вземате за уроци? on easy terms на износна цена, при изгодни условия 28. край на периода на нормалната бременност 29. лог. член (на силогизъм) 30. мат. член 31. мед. менструация, период 32. ост. край, граница 33. платежен срок, ден на плащане (обик. на 3 месеца) 34. рl изрази, фразеология, език 35. семестър, учебен срок 36. съдебна сесия 37. термин
    * * *
    term[tə:m] I. n 1. срок, период; in the short ( medium, long) \term в кратко- (средно- дълго) срочен план; for \term of o.'s life до живот; пожизнен; to serve o.'s \term излежавам си наказанието; \term of patent срок на действие на патент; \term of priority приоритетен срок; \term of validity срок на валидност; срок на действие; \term of years юрид. срочно право; 2. pl условия, клаузи (на договор и пр.); условия за плащане, цена; хонорар; usual \terms обикновени условия на експлоатация; \terms of reference компетенция, мандат, права (на комисия и пр.); \term of trade условия на търговия, външнотърговски баланс; \term structure of interest rates структура на лихвените проценти в зависимост от сроковете; on these \terms при тези условия; to come to ( to make) \terms 1) постигам споразумение; 2) капитулирам, предавам се; to bring the enemy to \terms принуждавам неприятеля да капитулира, да приеме условията; on easy \terms при износни условия, на износна цена; not on any \terms на никаква цена, за нищо на света; 3. лични отношения; to be on good ( friendly) \terms with в добри (приятелски) отношения съм с; we are not on speaking \terms не си говорим, скарани сме; 4. семестър, срок; during \term през семестъра, през учебно време; to keep o.'s \terms редовно записвам семестри; to eat o.'s \terms уча за адвокат; 5. термин; pl изрази, език, фразеология; начин на изразяване; in \terms of с езика на; от гледище на; превърнат в; изчислен с; in \terms of approval одобрително; in \terms of figures с езика на цифрите; in set \terms определено, решително; to be thinking in \terms of ( doing s.th.) възнамерявам да, стремя се към, гледам с едно око на; 6. съдебна сесия; 7. ост. край, граница; to set ( put) a \term to определям края на; to have reached o.'s \term време е да ражда (за бременна жена); 8. мед. менструация; 9. платежен срок, ден за плащане (обикн. на 3 месеца); 10. мат. член; елемент; лог. член (на силогизъм); \term by \term почленно; absolute \term постоянен (свободен) член; член на уравнение, който не съдържа неизвестна величина; dominant \term главен (основен) член; \term of fraction член на дроб; 11. ист., рим. граничен стълб, често с бюста на бог Термин; II. v наричам, назовавам; определям като; изразявам.

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > term

  • 13 term

    1. noun
    1) (word expressing definite concept) [Fach]begriff, der

    legal/medical term — juristischer/medizinischer Fachausdruck

    term of reproach — Vorwurf, der

    in terms of money/politics — unter finanziellem/politischem Aspekt

    2) in pl. (conditions) Bedingungen

    he does everything on his own terms — er tut alles, wie er es für richtig hält

    come to or make terms [with somebody] — sich [mit jemandem] einigen

    come to terms [with each other] — sich einigen

    come to terms with something — (be able to accept something) mit etwas zurechtkommen; (resign oneself to something) sich mit etwas abfinden

    terms of reference — (Brit.) Aufgabenbereich, der

    3) in pl. (charges) Konditionen

    their terms are... — sie verlangen...

    4)

    in the short/long/medium term — kurz-/lang-/mittelfristig

    5) (Sch.) Halbjahr, das; (Univ.): (one of two/three/four divisions per year) Semester, das/Trimester, das/Quartal, das

    during term — während des Halbjahres/Semesters usw.

    out of term — in den Ferien

    end of term — Halbjahres-/Semesterende usw.

    6) (limited period) Zeitraum, der; (period of tenure)

    term [of office] — Amtszeit, die

    7) (period of imprisonment) Haftzeit, die
    8) in pl. (mode of expression) Worte

    praise in the highest terms — in den höchsten Tönen loben

    9) in pl. (relations)

    be on good/poor/friendly terms with somebody — mit jemandem auf gutem/schlechtem/freundschaftlichem Fuß stehen

    2. transitive verb
    * * *
    [tə:m] 1. noun
    1) (a (usually limited) period of time: a term of imprisonment; a term of office.) die Zeitdauer
    2) (a division of a school or university year: the autumn term.) das Semester
    3) (a word or expression: Myopia is a medical term for short-sightedness.) der Ausdruck
    •
    - academic.ru/112873/terms">terms
    2. verb
    (to name or call: That kind of painting is termed `abstract'.) bezeichnen als
    - come to terms
    - in terms of
    * * *
    [tɜ:m, AM tɜ:rm]
    I. n
    1. (of two) Semester nt; (of three) Trimester nt
    half-\term kurze Ferien, die zwischen den langen Ferien liegen, z.B. Pfingst-/Herbstferien
    2. (set duration of job) Amtszeit f
    \term of office Amtsperiode f, Amtszeit f
    3. (period of sentence)
    \term of imprisonment Haftdauer f
    prison \term Gefängnisstrafe f
    4. ECON ( form: duration of contract) Laufzeit f, Dauer f
    \term of a policy Vertragslaufzeit f
    5. no pl (anticipated date of birth) Geburtstermin m
    her last pregnancy went to \term bei ihrer letzten Schwangerschaft hat sie das Kind bis zum Schluss ausgetragen; (period)
    \term of pregnancy Schwangerschaft f
    6. (range) Dauer f
    in the long/medium/short \term lang-/mittel-/kurzfristig
    7. (phrase) Ausdruck m
    \term of abuse Schimpfwort nt
    \term of endearment Kosewort nt
    in layman's \terms einfach ausgedrückt
    to be on friendly \terms with sb mit jdm auf freundschaftlichem Fuß stehen
    generic \term Gattungsbegriff m
    in glowing \terms mit Begeisterung
    legal \term Rechtsbegriff m
    technical \term Fachausdruck m
    in no uncertain \terms unmissverständlich
    she told him what she thought in no uncertain \terms sie gab ihm unmissverständlich zu verstehen, was sie dachte
    II. vt
    ▪ to \term sth:
    I would \term his behaviour unacceptable ich würde sein Verhalten als inakzeptabel bezeichnen
    ▪ to \term sb [as] sth jdn als etw bezeichnen, jdn etw nennen
    * * *
    [tɜːm]
    1. n
    1) (= period of time) Dauer f, Zeitraum m; (of contract) Laufzeit f; (= limit) Frist f

    to set a term (of three years) for sth — etw (auf drei Jahre) befristen

    in the long/short term — auf lange/kurze Sicht

    at term (Fin) — bei Fälligkeit; (Med) zur rechten Zeit

    2) (SCH three in one year) Trimester nt; (four in one year) Vierteljahr nt, Quartal nt; (two in one year) Halbjahr nt; (UNIV) Semester nt

    end-of-term exam — Examen nt am Ende eines Trimesters etc

    during or in term(-time) — während der Schulzeit; (Univ) während des Semesters

    3) (= expression) Ausdruck m
    4) (MATH, LOGIC) Term m

    in terms of production we are doing well — was die Produktion betrifft, stehen wir gut da

    in terms of money — geldlich, finanziell

    5) pl (= conditions) Bedingungen pl

    terms of surrender/service/sale/payment — Kapitulations-/Arbeits-/Verkaufs-/Zahlungsbedingungen pl

    terms of reference (of committee etc) — Aufgabenbereich m; (of thesis etc) Themenbereich m

    to buy sth on credit/easy terms — etw auf Kredit/auf Raten kaufen

    not on any terms — unter gar keinen Umständen

    to accept sb on his/her own terms — jdn nehmen, wie er/sie ist

    6) termspl

    (= relations) to be on good/bad terms with sb — gut/nicht (gut) mit jdm auskommen

    2. vt
    nennen, bezeichnen
    * * *
    term [tɜːm; US tɜrm]
    A s
    1. ( besonders Fach)Ausdruck, Bezeichnung f:
    legal term juristischer Fachausdruck;
    term of abuse Schimpfwort n, Beleidigung f; → endearment, technical 2
    2. pl Ausdrucksweise f, Worte pl, Denkkategorien pl:
    in terms ausdrücklich, in Worten;
    praise sb in the highest terms jemanden in den höchsten Tönen loben;
    condemn sth in the strongest terms etwas schärfstens verurteilen;
    in no uncertain terms unmissverständlich, klipp und klar umg;
    a) in Form von (od gen),
    b) im Sinne von (od gen),
    c) hinsichtlich (gen), bezüglich (gen),
    d) vom Standpunkt (gen), von … her,
    e) verglichen mit, im Verhältnis zu;
    in terms of literature literarisch (betrachtet), vom Literarischen her;
    in terms of purchasing power in Kaufkraft umgerechnet;
    think in economic terms in wirtschaftlichen Kategorien denken;
    think in terms of money (nur) in Mark und Pfennig denken; → plain1 A 4
    3. pl Wortlaut m:
    be in the following terms folgendermaßen lauten
    4. a) Zeit f, Dauer f:
    term (of imprisonment) JUR Freiheitsstrafe f;
    term of office Amtszeit, -dauer, -periode f;
    for a term of four years für die Dauer von vier Jahren;
    he is too old to serve a second term er ist zu alt für eine zweite Amtsperiode,
    b) (Zahlungs- etc) Frist f:
    on term WIRTSCH auf Zeit;
    in the long term auf lange Sicht, langfristig gesehen;
    term deposit WIRTSCH Termingeld n, -einlage f;
    term insurance WIRTSCH Risikolebensversicherung f
    5. WIRTSCH
    a) Laufzeit f (eines Vertrags etc)
    b) Termin m:
    set a term einen Termin festsetzen;
    at term zum festgelegten Termin
    6. a) Br SCHULE, UNIV Trimester n
    b) US UNIV Semester n, SCHULE Halbjahr n
    7. JUR Sitzungsperiode f
    8. pl (Vertrags- etc)Bedingungen pl, Bestimmungen pl:
    terms of delivery WIRTSCH Liefer(ungs)bedingungen;
    terms of trade Austauschverhältnis n (im Außenhandel);
    on easy terms zu günstigen Bedingungen;
    on the terms that … unter der Bedingung, dass …;
    come to terms handelseinig werden, sich einigen ( beide:
    with mit);
    come to terms with sich abfinden mit;
    come to terms with the past die Vergangenheit bewältigen;
    come to terms with the future die Zukunft(sentwicklungen) akzeptieren;
    bring to terms jemanden zur Annahme der Bedingungen bringen; → equal A 10, reference A 3
    9. pl Preise pl, Honorar n:
    what are your terms? was verlangen Sie?;
    I’ll give you special terms ich mache Ihnen einen Sonderpreis
    10. pl Beziehungen pl, Verhältnis n (zwischen Personen):
    be on good (bad, friendly) terms with auf gutem (schlechtem, freundschaftlichem) Fuße stehen mit;
    they are not on speaking terms sie sprechen nicht (mehr) miteinander
    11. pl gute Beziehungen pl:
    be on terms with sb mit jemandem gutstehen
    12. MATH
    a) Glied n:
    term of a sum Summand m (hinzuzuzählende Zahl),
    b) Ausdruck m (einer Gleichung)
    c) Geometrie: Grenze f (einer Linie)
    13. Logik: Begriff m: → contradiction 2, major A 5 a
    14. ARCH Grenzstein m, -säule f
    15. PHYSIOL
    a) errechneter Entbindungstermin:
    carry to (full) term ein Kind austragen;
    go ( oder be taken) to term ausgetragen werden;
    she is near her term sie steht kurz vor der Niederkunft,
    b) obs Menstruation f
    B v/t (be)nennen, bezeichnen als:
    he may be what is termed an egghead but … er mag das sein, was man einen Eierkopf nennt, aber …
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (word expressing definite concept) [Fach]begriff, der

    legal/medical term — juristischer/medizinischer Fachausdruck

    term of reproach — Vorwurf, der

    in terms of money/politics — unter finanziellem/politischem Aspekt

    2) in pl. (conditions) Bedingungen

    he does everything on his own terms — er tut alles, wie er es für richtig hält

    come to or make terms [with somebody] — sich [mit jemandem] einigen

    come to terms [with each other] — sich einigen

    come to terms with something — (be able to accept something) mit etwas zurechtkommen; (resign oneself to something) sich mit etwas abfinden

    terms of reference — (Brit.) Aufgabenbereich, der

    3) in pl. (charges) Konditionen

    their terms are... — sie verlangen...

    4)

    in the short/long/medium term — kurz-/lang-/mittelfristig

    5) (Sch.) Halbjahr, das; (Univ.): (one of two/three/four divisions per year) Semester, das/Trimester, das/Quartal, das

    during term — während des Halbjahres/Semesters usw.

    end of term — Halbjahres-/Semesterende usw.

    6) (limited period) Zeitraum, der; (period of tenure)

    term [of office] — Amtszeit, die

    7) (period of imprisonment) Haftzeit, die
    9) in pl. (relations)

    be on good/poor/friendly terms with somebody — mit jemandem auf gutem/schlechtem/freundschaftlichem Fuß stehen

    2. transitive verb
    * * *
    (school) n.
    Semester - n. n.
    Ausdruck -¨e m.
    Bedingung f.
    Begriff -e m.
    Frist -en f.
    Laufzeit -en f.
    Termin -e m.

    English-german dictionary > term

  • 14 term

    tə:m
    1. noun
    1) (a (usually limited) period of time: a term of imprisonment; a term of office.) período, etapa
    2) (a division of a school or university year: the autumn term.) trimestre (tres meses); cuatrimestre (cuatro meses); semestre (seis meses)
    3) (a word or expression: Myopia is a medical term for short-sightedness.) término
    •

    2. verb
    (to name or call: That kind of painting is termed `abstract'.)
    - in terms of
    term n
    1. trimestre
    2. término
    tr[tɜːm]
    1 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL trimestre nombre masculino
    2 (period of time) período
    3 (expression, word) término
    1 calificar de, llamar, denominar
    1 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL condiciones nombre femenino plural
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    in the long/short term a largo/corto plazo
    in terms of en cuanto a
    on equal terms en igualdad de condiciones
    to be a contradiction in terms ser un contrasentido
    to be on good terms with somebody tener buenas relaciones con alguien
    to come to terms with something llegar a aceptar algo, adaptarse a algo
    to come to terms with somebody llegar a un arreglo con alguien
    term of office mandato
    term ['tərm] vt
    : calificar de, llamar, nombrar
    term n
    1) period: término m, plazo m, período m
    2) : término m (en matemáticas)
    3) word: término m, vocablo m
    legal terms: términos legales
    4) terms npl
    conditions: términos mpl, condiciones fpl
    5) terms npl
    relations: relaciones fpl
    to be on good terms with: tener buenas relaciones con
    6)
    in terms of : con respecto a, en cuanto a
    term (Of a contract, etc.)
    n.
    • condición s.f.
    n.
    • ciclo s.m.
    • condena s.f.
    • mandato s.m.
    • período (Jurisprudencia) s.m.
    • período escolar s.m.
    • plazo s.m.
    • semestre s.m.
    • trimestre s.m.
    • término s.m.
    • vocablo s.m.
    v.
    • calificar v.

    I tɜːrm, tɜːm
    1) noun
    2) ( word) término m

    in general/simple terms — en términos generales/lenguaje sencillo

    3)
    a) ( period) período m, periodo m

    in the short/long term — a corto/largo plazo

    b) (in school, university) trimestre m

    the fall o (BrE) autumn/spring/summer term — el primer/segundo/tercer trimestre

    c) ( to due date) plazo m
    4) terms pl
    ( conditions) condiciones fpl

    on equal terms — en igualdad de condiciones, en pie de igualdad

    terms of reference — ( of an inquiry) competencia f, atribuciones fpl y responsabilidades fpl

    5) ( relations) relaciones fpl

    to be on good/bad terms with somebody — estar* en buenas/malas relaciones con alguien, llevarse bien/mal con alguien

    they were on first name terms — se llamaban por el nombre de pila, ≈se tuteaban

    6)
    a) ( sense)

    in financial/social terms — desde el punto de vista financiero/social

    b)

    in terms of: I was thinking more in terms of... yo estaba pensando más bien en...; in terms of efficiency, our system is superior — en cuanto a eficiencia, nuestro sistema es superior


    II
    transitive verb calificar* de
    [tɜːm]
    1. N
    1) (=period) periodo m, período m ; (as President, governor, mayor) mandato m

    • in the long term — a largo plazo

    • in the longer term — a un plazo más largo

    • in the medium term — a medio plazo

    • during his term of office — bajo su mandato

    he will not seek a third term (of office) as mayor — no irá a por un tercer mandato de alcalde, no renovará por tercera vez su candidatura como alcalde

    • he is currently serving a seven-year prison term — actualmente está cumpliendo una condena de siete años

    • he served two terms as governor — ocupó el cargo de gobernador durante dos periodos de mandato

    • in the short term — a corto plazo

    • despite problems, she carried the baby to term — a pesar de los problemas llevó el embarazo a término

    2) (Educ) trimestre m

    in the autumn or (US) fall/spring/summer term — en el primer/segundo/tercer trimestre

    3) (Comm, Jur, Econ) (=period of validity) plazo m
    4) (=word) término m

    what do you understand by the term "radical"? — ¿qué entiende usted por (el término) "radical"?

    legal/medical terms — términos mpl legales/médicos

    • a term of abuse — un término ofensivo, un insulto

    • he spoke of it only in general terms — solo habló de ello en términos generales

    • he spoke of her in glowing terms — habló de ella en términos muy elogiosos

    • in simple terms — de forma sencilla

    • she condemned the attacks in the strongest terms — condenó los ataques de la forma más enérgica

    • technical term — tecnicismo m, término m técnico

    contradiction, uncertain
    5) (Math, Logic) término m
    6) terms
    a) (=conditions) condiciones fpl, términos mpl

    • to dictate terms (to sb) — poner condiciones (a algn)

    • we offer easy terms — ofrecemos facilidades de pago

    • terms of employment — condiciones fpl de empleo

    • to compete on equal terms — competir en igualdad de condiciones or en pie de igualdad

    • they accepted him on his own terms — lo aceptaron con las condiciones que él había puesto

    • terms of reference — (=brief) [of committee, inquiry] cometido m, instrucciones fpl ; [of study] ámbito m ; (=area of responsibility) responsabilidades fpl, competencia f ; (=common understanding) puntos mpl de referencia

    • terms of sale — condiciones fpl de venta

    • terms of trade — condiciones fpl de transacción

    - come to terms with sth
    b) (=relations)

    • to be on bad terms with sb — llevarse mal con algn, no tener buenas relaciones con algn

    • we're on first name terms with all the staff — nos tuteamos con todos los empleados

    • she is still on friendly terms with him — todavía mantiene una relación amistosa con él

    • to be on good terms with sb — llevarse bien con algn, tener buenas relaciones con algn

    • we're not on speaking terms at the moment — actualmente no nos hablamos

    c) (=sense)

    in terms of: in terms of production we are doing well — en cuanto a la producción vamos bien, por lo que se refiere or por lo que respecta a la producción vamos bien

    • in economic/ political terms — desde el punto de vista económico/político, en términos económicos/políticos

    • in practical terms this means that... — en la práctica esto significa que...

    • in real terms incomes have fallen — en términos reales los ingresos han bajado

    • seen in terms of its environmental impact, the project is a disaster — desde el punto de vista de su impacto en el medio ambiente, el proyecto es un desastre

    • we were thinking more in terms of an au pair — nuestra idea era más una au pair, teníamos en mente a una au pair

    2.
    VT (=designate) calificar de

    the problems of what is now termed "the mixed economy" — los problemas de lo que ahora se da en llamar "la economía mixta"

    3.
    CPD

    term insurance N — seguro m temporal

    term loan N — préstamo m a plazo fijo

    term paper N — (US) trabajo m escrito trimestral

    * * *

    I [tɜːrm, tɜːm]
    1) noun
    2) ( word) término m

    in general/simple terms — en términos generales/lenguaje sencillo

    3)
    a) ( period) período m, periodo m

    in the short/long term — a corto/largo plazo

    b) (in school, university) trimestre m

    the fall o (BrE) autumn/spring/summer term — el primer/segundo/tercer trimestre

    c) ( to due date) plazo m
    4) terms pl
    ( conditions) condiciones fpl

    on equal terms — en igualdad de condiciones, en pie de igualdad

    terms of reference — ( of an inquiry) competencia f, atribuciones fpl y responsabilidades fpl

    5) ( relations) relaciones fpl

    to be on good/bad terms with somebody — estar* en buenas/malas relaciones con alguien, llevarse bien/mal con alguien

    they were on first name terms — se llamaban por el nombre de pila, ≈se tuteaban

    6)
    a) ( sense)

    in financial/social terms — desde el punto de vista financiero/social

    b)

    in terms of: I was thinking more in terms of... yo estaba pensando más bien en...; in terms of efficiency, our system is superior — en cuanto a eficiencia, nuestro sistema es superior


    II
    transitive verb calificar* de

    English-spanish dictionary > term

  • 15 Computers

       The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)
       It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....
       The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)
       The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)
       In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)
       A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.
       In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....
       It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)
       [Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)
       he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)
       t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.
       Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)
       According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)
       What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.
       What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.
       In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers

  • 16 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 17 term

    [tə:m] 1. noun
    1) (a (usually limited) period of time: a term of imprisonment; a term of office.) doba
    2) (a division of a school or university year: the autumn term.) semester
    3) (a word or expression: Myopia is a medical term for short-sightedness.) izraz
    •
    2. verb
    (to name or call: That kind of painting is termed `abstract'.)
    - in terms of
    * * *
    I [tə:m]
    noun
    termin, strokoven izraz; beseda, izraz; plural izrazi, način izražanja, govor(jenje); termin, rok, čas (doba) trajanja; commerce plačilni rok, čas dospelosti menice; plural določbe, pogoji (v pogodbi); cena; honorar; odnosi; British English kvartal, plačilni dan, termin za plačanje; juridically zasedanje, čas (sodnega) zasedanja; določeni čas posesti (zakupa, najema); British English university trimesečje, trimester; semester; mathematics člen; logic pojem; medicine obsolete menstruacija; obsolete mejnik, mejni kamen; geography skrajna, končna črta ali točka
    in plain terms — odkrito, naravnost
    not on any terms — pod nobenimi pogoji, za nobeno ceno
    inclusive terms — skupaj s postrežbo, z razsvetijavo
    reasonable terms — pametne, sprejemljive cene
    terms of delivery economy dobavni pogoji
    to be on good (bad) terms with s.o. — biti s kom v dobrih (slabih) odnosih
    to be on (familiar) terms with s.o. — biti prijatelj s kom
    to be not on speaking terms with s.o. — ne govoriti s kom, biti sprt (skregan) s kom
    what are your terms? — kakšne so vaše cene? kaj zahtevate?
    to bring s.o. to terms — naložiti komu svoje pogoje
    to come to terms — popustiti, odnehati
    to make terms, to come to terms with s.o. — pogoditi se, sporazumeti se s kom
    to set a term to s.o. — staviti komu termin
    II [tə:m]
    transitive verb
    imenovati, označevati

    English-Slovenian dictionary > term

  • 18 term

    A n
    1 ( period of time) gen période f, terme m ; Sch, Univ trimestre m ; Jur ( period when courts are in session) session f ; ( duration of lease) durée f (de bail) ; he was elected for a four-year term il a été élu pour une période or durée de quatre ans ; during the president's first term of office pendant le premier mandat du président ; term of imprisonment peine f de prison ; to have reached (full) term ( of pregnancy) être à terme ; a term baby, a baby born at term un enfant né à terme ; in ou during term(-time) Sch, Univ pendant le trimestre ; autumn/spring/summer term Sch, Univ premier/deuxième/troisième trimestre ;
    2 (word, phrase) terme m ; legal/technical term terme m juridique/technique ; term of abuse injure f ; she condemned their action in the strongest possible terms elle a condamné leur action très fermement ;
    3 Math terme m ;
    4 ( limit) terme m, limite f ; to set ou put a term to sth fixer or mettre un terme à qch.
    1 ( conditions) (of agreement, treaty, contract) termes mpl, conditions fpl ; ( of will) dispositions fpl ; Comm conditions de paiement ; under ou by the terms of the agreement/of the contract aux termes de l'accord/du contrat ; under the terms of the will Jur selon les dispositions testamentaires (du défunt) ; name your own terms fixez vos conditions ; terms and conditions Jur modalités fpl ; terms of sale/payment conditions de vente/paiement ; terms of trade Comm, Econ termes de l'échange international ; credit terms conditions de crédit ; on easy terms Comm avec facilités fpl de paiement ; peace terms Pol conditions de paix ; terms of surrender Pol conditions de la reddition ; terms of reference attributions fpl ; that question is not within our terms of reference cette question n'est pas dans nos attributions ;
    2 to come to terms with ( accept) assumer [identity, past, condition, disability] ; accepter [death, defeat, failure] ; ( confront) affronter [issue] ; to come to terms with the idea that se faire à l'idée que, accepter l'idée que ; she is still trying to come to terms with what happened elle essaie toujours de comprendre ce qui s'est passé ;
    3 ( relations) termes mpl ; to be on good/bad terms with sb être en bons/mauvais termes avec qn ; they are on friendly terms ils sont en bons termes, ils ont des relations fpl amicales ; they are on first-name terms ils s'appellent par leurs prénoms ;
    4 ( point of view) in his/their etc terms selon ses/leurs etc critères.
    1 gen, Math ( as expressed by) en fonction de ; to express sth in terms of cost/of colour exprimer qch en fonction du prix/de la couleur ;
    2 ( from the point of view of) du point de vue de, sur le plan de ; they are equals in terms of age and experience ils sont égaux du point de vue de l'âge et de l'expérience ; the novel is weak in terms of plot/of style ce roman est faible sur le plan de l'intrigue/du style ; they own very little in terms of real property ils ne possèdent pas grand-chose en fait de biens immobiliers ; I was thinking in terms of how much it would cost/how long it would take j'essayais de calculer combien cela coûterait/combien de temps cela prendrait.
    D vtr appeler, nommer ; to term sth sth appeler or nommer qch qch.

    Big English-French dictionary > term

  • 19 switchboard

    1. распределительный щит
    2. распределительное устройство
    3. НКУ распределения и управления
    4. коммутационный щит
    5. коммутаторная панель
    6. коммутатор

     

    коммутатор
    Устройство, обеспечивающее посредством включения, отключения и переключения электрических цепей выбор требуемой выходной цепи и соединение с ней входной цепи
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    Тематики

    • аппарат, изделие, устройство...

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    коммутаторная панель
    распределительный щит
    Устройство, конструктивно объединяющее несколько коммутационных элементов, предназначенных для включения, отключения и переключения электрических цепей и каналов связи в ручном режиме.
    [Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

    Тематики

    • электросвязь, основные понятия

    Синонимы

    EN

     

    коммутационный щит
    —
    [Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

    Тематики

    • электротехника, основные понятия

    EN

     

    низковольтное устройство распределения и управления (НКУ)
    Низковольтные коммутационные аппараты и устройства управления, измерения, сигнализации, защиты, регулирования, собранные совместно, со всеми внутренними электрическими и механическими соединениями и конструктивными элементами.
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439-1-2012]

    низковольтное устройство распределения и управления
    Комбинация низковольтных коммутационных аппаратов с устройствами управления, измерения, сигнализации, защиты, регулирования и т. п., полностью смонтированных изготовителем НКУ (под его ответственность на единой конструктивной основе) со всеми внутренними электрическими и механическими соединениями с соответствующими конструктивными элементами
    Примечания
    1. В настоящем стандарте сокращение НКУ используют для обозначения низковольтных комплектных устройств распределения и управления.
    2. Аппараты, входящие в состав НКУ, могут быть электромеханическими или электронными.
    3. По различным причинам, например по условиям транспортирования или изготовления, некоторые операции сборки могут быть выполнены на месте установки, вне предприятия-изготовителя.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

    EN

    power switchgear and controlgear assembly (PSC-assembly)
    low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly used to distribute and control energy for all types of loads, intended for industrial, commercial and similar applications where operation by ordinary persons is not intended
    [IEC 61439-2, ed. 1.0 (2009-01)]

    low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly
    combination of one or more low-voltage switching devices together with associated control, measuring, signalling, protective, regulation equipment, etc., completely assembled under the responsibility of the manufacturer with all the internal electrical and mechanical interconnections and structural parts.
    [IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

    switchgear and controlgear
    a general term covering switching devices and their combination with associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment, also assemblies of such devices and equipment with associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures and supporting structures
    [IEV number 441-11-01]

    switchgear and controlgear
    electric equipment intended to be connected to an electric circuit for the purpose of carrying out one or more of the following functions: protection, control, isolation, switching
    NOTE – The French and English terms can be considered as equivalent in most cases. However, the French term has a broader meaning than the English term and includes for example connecting devices, plugs and socket-outlets, etc. In English, these latter devices are known as accessories.
    [IEV number 826-16-03 ]

    switchboard
    A large single electric control panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted (either on the back or on the face, or both) switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments; not intended for installation in a cabinet but may be completely enclosed in metal; usually is accessible from both the front and rear.
    [ McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture & Construction]

    switchboard
    One or more panels accommodating control switches, indicators, and other apparatus for operating electric circuits
    [ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]

    FR

    ensemble d'appareillage de puissance (ensemble PSC)
    ensemble d'appareillage à basse tension utilisé pour répartir et commander l'énergie pour tous les types de charges et prévu pour des applications industrielles, commerciales et analogues dans lesquelles l'exploitation par des personnes ordinaires n'est pas prévue
    [IEC 61439-2, ed. 1.0 (2009-01)]

    appareillage, m
    matériel électrique destiné à être relié à un circuit électrique en vue d'assurer une ou plusieurs des fonctions suivantes: protection, commande, sectionnement, connexion
    NOTE – Les termes français et anglais peuvent être considérés comme équivalents dans la plupart des cas. Toutefois, le terme français couvre un domaine plus étendu que le terme anglais, et comprend notamment les dispositifs de connexion, les prises de courant, etc. En anglais, ces derniers sont dénommés "accessories".
    [IEV number 826-16-03 ]

    appareillage
    terme général applicable aux appareils de connexion et à leur combinaison avec des appareils de commande, de mesure, de protection et de réglage qui leur sont associés, ainsi qu'aux ensembles de tels appareils avec les connexions, les accessoires, les enveloppes et les charpentes correspondantes
    [IEV number 441-11-01]


    A switchboard as defined in the National Electrical Code is a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted, on the face or back or both switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and, usually, instruments.
    Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed in cabinets.
    The types of switchboards, classified by basic features of construction, are as follows:
    1. Live-front vertical panels
    2. Dead-front boards
    3. Safety enclosed boards( metal-clad)

    [American electricians’ handbook]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    The switchboard plays an essential role in the availability of electric power, while meeting the needs of personal and property safety.

    Its definition, design and installation are based on precise rules; there is no place for improvisation.

    The IEC 61439 standard aims to better define " low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies", ensuring that the specified performances are reached.

    It specifies in particular:

    > the responsibilities of each player, distinguishing those of the original equipment manufacturer - the organization that performed the original design and associated verification of an assembly in accordance with the standard, and of the assembly manufacturer - the organization taking responsibility for the finished assembly;

    > the design and verification rules, constituting a benchmark for product certification.

    All the component parts of the electrical switchboard are concerned by the IEC 61439 standard.

    Equipment produced in accordance with the requirements of this switchboard standard ensures the safety and reliability of the installation.

    A switchboard must comply with the requirements of standard IEC 61439-1 and 2 to guarantee the safety and reliability of the installation.

    Managers of installations, fully aware of the professional and legal liabilities weighing on their company and on themselves, demand a high level of safety for the electrical installation.

    What is more, the serious economic consequences of prolonged halts in production mean that the electrical switchboard must provide excellent continuity of service, whatever the operating conditions.
    [Schneider Electric]

    НКУ играет главную роль в обеспечении электроэнергией, удовлетворяя при этом всем требованиям по безопасности людей и сохранности имущества.

    Выбор конструкции, проектирование и монтаж основаны на чётких правилах, не допускающих никакой импровизации.

    Требования к низковольтным комплектным устройствам распределения и управления сформулированы в стандарте МЭК 61439 (ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000).

    В частности, он определяет:

    > распределение ответственности между изготовителем НКУ - организацией, разработавшей конструкцию НКУ и проверившей его на соответствие требованиям стандарта, и сборщиком – организацией, выполнившей сборку НКУ;

    > конструкцию, технические характеристики, виды и методы испытаний НКУ.

    В стандарте МЭК 61439 (ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000) описываются все компоненты НКУ.

    Оборудование, изготовленное в соответствии с требованиями этого стандарта, обеспечивает безопасность и надежность электроустановки.

    Для того чтобы гарантировать безопасность эксплуатации и надежность работы электроустановки, распределительный щит должен соответствовать требованиям стандарта МЭК 61439-1 и 2.

    Лица, ответственные за электроустановки, должны быть полностью осведомлены о профессиональной и юридической ответственности, возложенной на их компанию и на них лично, за обеспечение высокого уровня безопасности эксплуатации этих электроустановок.

    Кроме того, поскольку длительные перерывы производства приводят к серьезным экономическим последствиям, электрический распределительный щит должен обеспечивать надежную и бесперебойную работу независимо от условий эксплуатации.
    [Перевод Интент]

     

    LV switchgear assemblies are undoubtedly the components of the electric installation more subject to the direct intervention of personnel (operations, maintenance, etc.) and for this reason users demand from them higher and higher safety requirements.

    The compliance of an assembly with the state of the art and therefore, presumptively, with the relevant technical Standard, cannot be based only on the fact that the components which constitute it comply with the state of the art and therefore, at least presumptively, with the relevant technical standards.

    In other words, the whole assembly must be designed, built and tested in compliance with the state of the art.

    Since the assemblies under consideration are low voltage equipment, their rated voltage shall not exceed 1000 Va.c. or 1500 Vd.c. As regards currents, neither upper nor lower limits are provided in the application field of this Standard.

    The Standard IEC 60439-1 states the construction, safety and maintenance requirements for low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, without dealing with the functional aspects which remain a competence of the designer of the plant for which the assembly is intended.
    [ABB]

    Низковольтные комплектные устройства (НКУ), вне всякого сомнения, являются частями электроустановок, которые наиболее подвержены непосредственному вмешательству оперативного, обслуживающего и т. п. персонала. Вот почему требования потребителей к безопасности НКУ становятся все выше и выше.

    Соответствие НКУ современному положению дел и вследствие этого, гипотетически, соответствующим техническим стандартам, не может основываться только на том факте, что составляющие НКУ компоненты соответствуют современному состоянию дел и поэтому, по крайней мере, гипотетически, - соответствующим техническим стандартам

    Другими словами, НКУ должно быть разработано, изготовлено и испытано в соответствии с современными требованиями.

    Мы рассматриваем низковольтные комплектные устройства и это означает, что их номинальное напряжение не превышает 1000 В переменного тока или 1500 В постоянного тока. Что касается тока, то ни верхнее, ни нижнее значение стандартами, относящимися к данной области, не оговариваются

    Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 устанавливает требования к конструкции, безопасности и техническому обслуживанию низковольтных комплектных устройств без учета их функций, полагая, что функции НКУ являются компетенцией проектировщиков электроустановки, частью которых эти НКУ являются.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Классификация

    >>>

    Действия

    Синонимы

    Сопутствующие термины

    EN

    DE

    • Schaltanlagen und/oder Schaltgeräte

    FR

     

    распределительное устройство
    Распределительным устройством (РУ) называется электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая сборные и соединительные шины, коммутационные аппараты, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
    [РД 34.20.185-94]

    распределительное устройство
    Электроустановка, предназначенная для приема и распределения электрической энергии на одном напряжении и содержащая коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные шины [секции шин], устройства управления и защиты.
    Примечание. К устройствам управления относятся аппараты и связывающие их элементы обеспечивающие контроль, измерение, сигнализацию и выполнение команд.
    [ ГОСТ 24291-90]
    [ ГОСТ Р 53685-2009]

    электрическое распределительное устройство
    распределительное устройство
    Устройство, предназначенное для приема и распределения электроэнергии на одном напряжении и содержащее коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные соединительные устройства.
    Примечание. В состав распределительного устройства дополнительно могут входить устройства защиты и управления
    [ОСТ 45.55-99]

    распределительное устройство
    Электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая коммутационные аппараты, сборные и соединительные шины, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
    [ПОТ Р М-016-2001]
    [РД 153-34.0-03.150-00]

    устройство распределительное
    Совокупность аппаратов и приборов для приёма и распределения электроэнергии одного напряжения, вырабатываемой электростанцией или преобразуемой подстанцией
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    EN

    switching substation
    a substation which includes switchgear and usually busbars, but no power transformers
    [IEV number 605-01-02]

    FR

    poste de sectionnement
    poste de coupure
    poste comprenant des organes de manoeuvre et généralement des jeux de barres, à l'exclusion de transformateurs de puissance
    [IEV number 605-01-02]

    В качестве РУ 6—10 кВ используется сборка высокого напряжения с однополюсными разъединителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения и одна камера КСО с выключателем нагрузки и предохранителями для подключения трансформатора. Для РУ 0,4 кВ применяются сборки низкого напряжения с предохранителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения.
    На ПС применяются открытые (ОРУ), закрытые (ЗРУ) или комплектные (КРУ) распределительные устройства.

    [ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]

    КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ

    В общем случае ПС и РУ являются составной частью электроустановок, которые различаются:

    • по назначению:
      • генерирующие,
      • преобразовательно-распределительные,
      • потребительские.

        Генерирующие электроустановки служат для выработки электроэнергии, преобразовательно-распределительные электроустановки преобразуют электроэнергию в удобный для передачи и потребления вид, передают ее и распределяют между потребителями;

     Шкала номинальных напряжений ограничена сравнительно небольшим числом стандартных значений, благодаря чему изготавливается небольшое число типоразмеров машин и оборудования, а электросети выполняются более экономичными. В установках трехфазного тока номинальным напряжением принято считать напряжение между фазами (междуфазовое напряжение). Согласно ГОСТ 29322—92 установлена следующая шкала номинальных напряжений:

    для электросетей переменного тока частотой 50 Гц междуфазовое напряжение должно быть: 12, 24, 36, 42, 127, 220, 380 В; 3, 6, 10, 20, 35, 110, 150, 220, 330, 500, 750 и 1150 кВ;
    для электросетей постоянного тока: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 110, 220, 440, 660, 825, 3000 В и выше.

    Тупиковые ПС получают питание по одной или двум тупиковым ВЛ.

    Ответвительные ПС присоединяются ответвлением к одной или двум проходящим ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

    Проходные ПС включаются в рассечку одной или двух проходящих ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

    Узловые ПС кроме питающих имеют отходящие радиальные или транзитные ВЛ.

    • по способу управления ПС могут быть:
      • только с телесигнализацией,
      • телеуправляемыми с телесигнализацией,
      • с телесигнализацией и управлением с общеподстанционного пункта управления (ОПУ).


    Подстанции оперативно обслуживаются постоянным дежурным персоналом на щите управления, дежурными на дому или оперативно-выездными бригадами (ОВБ). Ремонт ПС осуществляется специализированными выездными бригадами централизованного ремонта или местным персоналом подстанции.

    В РУ напряжением до 1000 В провода, шины, аппараты, приборы и конструкции выбирают как по нормальным условиям работы (напряжению и току), так и по термическим и динамическим воздействиям токов коротких замыканий (КЗ) или предельно допустимой отключаемой мощности.

    В РУ и ПС напряжением выше 1000 В расстояния между электрооборудованием, аппаратами, токоведущими частями, изоляторами, ограждениями и конструкциями устанавливаются так, чтобы при нормальном режиме работы электроустановки возникающие физические явления (температура нагрева, электрическая дуга, выброс газов, искрение и др.) не могли привести к повреждению оборудования и КЗ.

    [ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]
     


    Several different classifications of switchgear can be made:

    A single line-up may incorporate several different types of devices, for example, air-insulated bus, vacuum circuit breakers, and manually operated switches may all exist in the same row of cubicles.

    Ratings, design, specifications and details of switchgear are set by a multitude of standards. In North America mostly IEEE and ANSI standards are used, much of the rest of the world uses IEC standards, sometimes with local national derivatives or variations.

    [Robert W. Smeaton (ed) Switchgear and Control Handbook 3rd Ed., Mc Graw Hill, new York 1997]
    [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage_switchgear]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    распределительный щит
    Комплектное устройство, содержащее различную коммутационную аппаратуру, соединенное с одной или более отходящими электрическими цепями, питающееся от одной или более входящих цепей, вместе с зажимами для присоединения нейтральных и защитных проводников.
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

    щит распределительный
    Электротехническое устройство, объединяющее коммутационную, регулирующую и защитную аппаратуру, а также контрольно-измерительные и сигнальные приборы
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    распределительный щит
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    EN

    distribution board
    assembly containing different types of switchgear and controlgear associated with one or more outgoing electric circuits fed from one or more incoming electric circuits, together with terminals for the neutral and protective conductors.
    [IEV number 826-16-08]

    FR

    tableau de répartition, m
    ensemble comportant différents types d'appareillage associés à un ou plusieurs circuits électriques de départ alimentés par un ou plusieurs circuits électriques d'arrivée, ainsi que des bornes pour les conducteurs neutre et de protection.
    [IEV number 826-16-08]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    Distribution switchboards, including the Main LV Switchboard (MLVS), are critical to the dependability of an electrical installation. They must comply with well-defined standards governing the design and construction of LV switchgear assemblies

    A distribution switchboard is the point at which an incoming-power supply divides into separate circuits, each of which is controlled and protected by the fuses or switchgear of the switchboard. A distribution switchboard is divided into a number of functional units, each comprising all the electrical and mechanical elements that contribute to the fulfilment of a given function. It represents a key link in the dependability chain.

    Consequently, the type of distribution switchboard must be perfectly adapted to its application. Its design and construction must comply with applicable standards and working practises.
    [Schneider Electric]

    Распределительные щиты, включая главный распределительный щит низкого напряжения (ГРЩ), играют решающую роль в обеспечении надежности электроустановки. Они должны отвечать требованиям соответствующих стандартов, определяющих конструкцию и порядок изготовления НКУ распределения электроэнергии.

    В распределительном щите выполняется прием электроэнергии и ее распределение по отдельным цепям, каждая из которых контролируется и защищается плавкими предохранителями или автоматическими выключателями.
    Распределительный щит состоит из функциональных блоков, включающих в себя все электрические и механические элементы, необходимые для выполнения требуемой функции. Распределительный щит представляет собой ключевое звено в цепи обеспечения надежности.

    Тип распределительного щита должен соответствовать области применения. Конструкция и изготовление распределительного щита должны удовлетворять требованиям применимых стандартов и учитывать накопленную практику применения.
    [Перевод Интент]

     

    5654

    Рис. Schneider Electric

    With Prisma Plus G you can be sure to build 100% Schneider Electric switchboards that are safe, optimised:

    > All components (switchgear, distribution blocks, prefabricated connections, etc.) are perfectly rated and coordinated to work together;

    > All switchboard configurations, even the most demanding ones, have been tested.

    You can prove that your switchboard meets the current standards, at any time.
    You can be sure to build a reliable electrical installation and give your customers full satisfaction in terms of dependability and safety for people and the installation.

    Prisma Plus G with its discreet design, blends harmoniously into all tertiary and industrial buildings, including in entrance halls and passageways.

    With Prisma Plus G you can build just the right switchboard for your customer, sized precisely to fit costs and needs.

    With this complete, prefabricated and tested system, it's easy to upgrade your installation and still maintain the performance levels.

    > The wall-mounted and floor-standing enclosures combine easily with switchboards already in service.

    > Devices can be replaced or added at any time.
    [Schneider Electric]

    С помощью оболочек Prisma Plus G можно создавать безопасные распределительные щиты, на 100 % состоящие из изделий Schneider Electric:

    > все изделия (коммутационная аппаратура, распределительные блоки, готовые заводские соединения и т. д.) полностью совместимы механически и электрически;

    > все варианты компоновки распределительных щитов, в том числе для наиболее ответственных применений, прошли испытания.

    В любое время вы можете доказать, что ваши распределительные щиты полностью соответствуют требованиям действующих стандартов.

    Вы можете быть полностью уверены в том, что создаете надежные электроустановки, удовлетворяющие всем требованиям безопасности для людей и оборудования

    Благодаря строгому дизайну, распределительные щиты Prisma Plus G гармонично сочетаются с интерьером любого общественного или промышленного здания. Они хорошо смотрятся и в вестибюле, и в коридоре.

    Применяя оболочки Prisma Plus G можно создавать распределительные щиты, точно соответствующие требованиям заказчика как с точки зрения технических характеристик, так и стоимости.

    С помощью данной испытанной системы, содержащей все необходимые компоненты заводского изготовления можно легко модернизировать существующую электроустановку и поддерживать её уровни производительности.

    > Навесные и напольные оболочки можно легко присоединить к уже эксплуатируемым распределительным щитам.

    > Аппаратуру можно заменять или добавлять в любое время.
    [Перевод Интент]

     

    The switchboard, central to the electrical installation.

    Both the point of arrival of energy and a device for distribution to the site applications, the LV switchboard is the intelligence of the system, central to the electrical installation.
    [Schneider Electric]

    Распределительный щит – «сердце» электроустановки.
    Низковольтное комплектное устройство распределения является «сердцем» электроустановки, поскольку именно оно принимает электроэнергию из сети и распределяет её по территориально распределенным нагрузкам.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > switchboard

  • 20 equal

    ˈi:kwəl
    1. прил.
    1) равный, одинаковый;
    идентичный, равносильный, тождественный (in;
    to) of equal rank ≈ в одинаковом чине equal in price ≈ по одной цене equal to sample ≈ полностью соответствующий образцу equal to the occasion ≈ подходящий equal mark equal sign Syn: identical, the same
    2) равноправный, равный equal rights ≈ равноправие equal partners
    3) а) пригодный;
    способный (обладающий соответствующей квалификацией) Syn: fit, suitable б) соответствующий, подходящий
    4) уравновешенный, спокойный, выдержанный( о характере) to keep an equal mind ≈ оставаться спокойным, сохранять выдержку
    2. сущ.
    1) равный;
    ровня Feminists insist that women can be absolute equals with men. ≈ Феминистки считают, что женщины могут во всем быть ровней мужчинам.
    2) равное количество
    3. гл.
    1) а) мат. равняться, быть равным (in) б) быть одинаковым, тождественным (по каким-л. качествам) My car equals yours in speed. ≈ Моя машина ездит так же быстро, как твоя.
    2) приравнивать, равнять, уравнивать
    3) оказаться на (должной) высоте равный, ровня - *s in age сверстники - to have no * for wisdom не иметь себе равного по уму - he is not your * он вам не ровня - to mix with one's *s общаться с людьми своего круга - he has no * in elocution ему нет равного в красноречии - he has few *s among living authors из современных писателей с ним мало кто может сравниться (что-либо) подобное - it is without * in the history of journalism ничего подобного история журналистики не знает - I never saw its * ничего равного этому я не видел что-либо равное другому - let x be the * of y (математика) пусть x равен y одинаковый, равный - * parts равные части - * distance одинаковое расстояние - * rights равноправие - * triangles( математика) равновеликие треугольники - to be of * height быть одного роста (с кем-либо) - * pay for * work равная оплата за равный труд - * opportunity employer (американизм) предприятие, принимающее работников назависимо от расы, пола - add an * quantity of sugar добавьте столько же сахару - with * ease одинаково свободно;
    с той же легкостью - on * terms на равных началах - other things being * при прочих равных условиях - * in number равный по количеству - it is * to me мне все равно равноправный;
    равный (по положению) - all of the citizen are * under the law все граждане равны перед законом не уступающий, такой же, равный - * in bravery to ancient heroes не уступающий в храбрости героям древности - for wisdom he was * to his father по мудрости он не уступал своему отцу - all men are not *in ability по способностям люди отливаются друг от друга равняющийся, равный - four times five is * to twenty четырежды пять равняется двадцати способный, пригодный - he is not * to the task он не может справиться с этим заданием;
    эта задача ему не по силам - I don't feel * to if я не в состоянии это сделать, это выше моих сил - to be * to the occasion быть на высоте положения - to be * to smb.'s expectations оправдать чьи-либо надежды - he is * to anything он способен на все соответствующий, достаточный - reward * to merit достойная награда( за заслуги) - * to demand (экономика) соответствующий спросу - * to sample (коммерческое) полностью соответствующий образцу - an * treatment of a subject достаточно тщательное рассмотрение вопроса уравновешенный, спокойный - to keep an * mind сохранять невозмутимость равномерный, единообразный равняться, быть равным - if x *s 5, then 5x *s 25 если x равен 5, то 5x равны 25 не уступать, равняться, быть таким же, быть равным - peonies often * roses in beauty пионы часто по красоте не уступают розам - he *s me in strength у нас с ним силы равны - nothing can * this с этим ничто не может сравниться - not to be *led не иметь себе равного приравнивать, отождествлять;
    ставить знак равенства - he *led life with art он отождествлял жизнь и искусство - to * desertion with treason приравнивать дезертирство к предательству сравняться - to * smb.'s record повторить чей-либо рекорд( американизм) полностью отплачивать;
    компенсировать - he *led all her love он платил ей такой же любовью (редкое) сровнять;
    уровнять - cities *led to the ground города, которые сровняли с землей equal достаточный ~ единообразный ~ компенсировать ~ одинаковый ~ оказаться на (должной) высоте;
    to equal the hopes оправдать надежды ~ полностью оплачивать ~ пригодный;
    способный;
    he is not equal to the task он не может справиться с этой задачей;
    equal to the occasion на должной высоте ~ приравнивать, уравнивать ~ приравнивать ~ равноправный;
    equal partners равноправные партнеры (владельцы фирмы, члены ассоциации и т. п.) ~ равноправный ~ равный;
    ровня;
    he has no equal ему нет равного ~ равный, одинаковый;
    равносильный;
    on equal terms, on an equal footing на равных началах ~ равный ~ равняться, быть равным ~ равняться ~ соответствующий ~ спокойный, выдержанный (о характере) ;
    to preserve (или to keep) an equal mind сохранять выдержку, спокойствие equal mark (или sign) знак равенства ~ уравнивать ~ спокойный, выдержанный (о характере) ;
    to preserve (или to keep) an equal mind сохранять выдержку, спокойствие equal mark (или sign) знак равенства ~ равноправный;
    equal partners равноправные партнеры (владельцы фирмы, члены ассоциации и т. п.) ~ pay for ~ work равная оплата за равный труд ~ rights равноправие rights: equal ~ равные права ~ оказаться на (должной) высоте;
    to equal the hopes оправдать надежды ~ пригодный;
    способный;
    he is not equal to the task он не может справиться с этой задачей;
    equal to the occasion на должной высоте everything else being ~ при прочих равных условиях ~ равный;
    ровня;
    he has no equal ему нет равного ~ пригодный;
    способный;
    he is not equal to the task он не может справиться с этой задачей;
    equal to the occasion на должной высоте he speaks French and German with ~ ease он одинаково свободно говорит по-французски и по-немецки of ~ rank в одинаковом чине ~ равный, одинаковый;
    равносильный;
    on equal terms, on an equal footing на равных началах footing: on an equal ~ на равных основаниях ~ равный, одинаковый;
    равносильный;
    on equal terms, on an equal footing на равных началах ~ спокойный, выдержанный (о характере) ;
    to preserve (или to keep) an equal mind сохранять выдержку, спокойствие equal mark (или sign) знак равенства twice two is ~ to four дважды два - четыре

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > equal

Страницы

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